Lena Horne Singer, Actress, Activist

From Brooklyn, New York, Lena Horne was raised by her mother, an actress, and then by her paternal grandmother, Cora Calhoun Horne, who took Lena to the NAACP, the Urban League and the Ethical Culture Society, all centers in that time of activism. Cora Calhoun Horne sent Lena to the Ethical Culture school in New York.   Lena Hornes father, Teddy Horne, was a gambler who left his wife and daughter. Cora Calhoun Hornes roots were in the family Lena Hornes daughter, Gail Lumet Buckley, has chronicled in her book The Black Calhouns. These well-educated bourgeois African Americans were descended from a nephew of secessionist vice president John C. Calhoun.   (Buckley also chronicles the familys history in her 1986 book,  The Hornes.) At age 16 Lena began working at Harlems Cotton Club, first as a dancer, then in the chorus and later as a solo singer. She began singing with orchestras, and, while singing with Charlie Barnets (white) orchestra, she was discovered. From there she began playing clubs in Greenwich Village and then performed at Carnegie Hall. Beginning in 1942 Lena Horne appeared in films, broadening her career to include movies, Broadway and recordings. She was honored with many awards for her lifetime of success. In Hollywood, her contract was with MGM studios. She was included in films as a singer and dancer, and was featured for her beauty.   But her roles were limited by the studios decision to have her parts edited out when the films were shown in the segregated South.   Her stardom was rooted in two 1943 musical films,  Stormy Weather  and  Cabin in the Sky.  She continued to appear in roles as a singer and dancer through the 1940s.   Lena Hornes signature song, from the  1943 film of the same name, is Stormy Weather. She sings it twice in the film. The first time, its presented with an earthiness and innocence.   At the end, its a song about loss and despair. During World War II she toured first with the USO; she quickly grew weary of the racism she faced and began touring black camps only. She was a favorite of African American soldiers. Lena Horne was married to Louis J. Jones from 1937 until they divorced in 1944. They had two children, Gail and Edwin. Later she was married to Lennie Hayton from 1947 to his death in 1971, though separated after the early 1960s.   When she first married him, a white Jewish music director, they kept the marriage secret for three years. In the 1950s, her association with Paul Robeson led to her being denounced as a communist. She spent time in Europe where she was received well.   By 1963, she was able to meet with Robert F. Kennedy, at the request of James Baldwin, to discuss racial issues. She was part of the 1963 March on Washington. Lena Horne published her memoirs in 1950 as In Person and in 1965 as Lena. In the 1960s, Lena Horne recorded music, sang in nightclubs, and appeared on television. In the 1970s she continued to sing and appeared in the 1978 film  The Wiz, an African American version of  The Wizard of Oz. In the early 1980s, she toured in the United States and London. After the mid-1990s she rarely appeared, and she died in 2010. Filmography 1938 - The Duke Is Tops1940 - Harlem On Parade1941 - Panama Hattie1942 - G.I. Jubilee1943 - Cabin In The Sky1943 - Stormy Weather1943 - The Duke Is Tops1945 - Harlem Hot Shots1944 - Boogie Woogie Dream1944 - Hi-De-Ho Holiday1944 - My New Gown1946 - Jivin The Blues1946 - Mantan Messes Up1946 - Till the Clouds Roll By1950 - Duchess of Idaho1956 - Meet Me in Las Vegas1969 - Death of a Gunfighter1978 - The Wiz!1994 - Thats Entertainment III1994 - An Evening with Lena Horne Fast Facts   Known for:  both being limited by and transcending racial boundaries in the entertainment industry. Stormy Weather was her signature song. Occupation:  singer, actressDates:  June 30, 1917 - May 9, 2010 Also known as: Lena Mary Calhoun Horne Places:  New York, Harlem, United States Honorary degrees:  Howard University, Spelman College

Pros and Cons of the Exclusionary Rule - 1538 Words

ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT OF THE EXCLUSIONARY RULE Among the arguments in support of the exclusionary rule4 by its proponents are the following: 1. It deters violations of constitutional rights by police and prosecutors. A number of studies and testimonies by police officers support this contention. 2. It manifests society’s refusal to convict lawbreakers by relying on official lawlessness—a clear demonstration of our commitment to the rule of law that states that no person, not even a law enforcement official, is above the law. 3. It results in the freeing of the guilty in a relatively small proportion of cases. A 1978 study by the General Accounting Office found that, of 2,804 cases in which defendants were likely to file a motion to†¦show more content†¦Among the proposals are the following: _ An independent review board in the executive branch. This proposal envisions a review board composed of nonpolice personnel to review allegations of violations of constitutional rights by the police. The problem with this alternative is that police oppose it because it singles them out among public officials for differential treatment. Moreover, outsiders are viewed by the police as unlikely to be able to understand the difficulties and dangers inherent in police work. _ A civil tort action against the government. This would mean filing an action seeking damages from the government for acts of its officers. It poses real difficulty for the plaintiff, who would have to shoulder the financial cost of the litigation. Most defendants do not have the resources to finance a civil case, particularly after a criminal trial. Low damages awards against police officers usually discourage the filing of civil tort actions except in egregious cases. _ A hearing separate from the main criminal trial but before the same judge or jury. The purpose of the hearing is to determine if, in fact, the officer behaved illegally in obtaining the evidence used during the trial and, if so, to impose the necessary sanctions on the officer. Although this is the least expensive and most expedient alternative, its effectiveness is questionable. If the violation is slight, theShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of The Exclusionary Rule1017 Words   |  5 Pagesthe one that we will be d iscussing in this paper is the exclusionary rule. It is the introduction of a good evidence, that it is obtained by a bad law enforcement, is most common in the United State than other countries legal system. To put it in other words, the exclusionary rule is controversial. Therefore, many experts say that it sets criminals free on minor points. In this paper, I will speak about the pros and cons of the exclusionary rule, how it is effecting the criminal justice system of theRead MoreExclusionary Rule Pros and Cons1951 Words   |  8 PagesThe reason we have rules in life are simple, to keep order when there is chaos and to guide our behavior in a way that is acceptable by society’s standards. The reason we have laws and procedures to carry out those laws are simple as well, to keep the government from infringing on its citizen’s constitutional rights. If the government was to rid itself of the exclusionary rule, then it has the potential to be infringing on its citiz ens rights. The government could essentially walk into anyone whoRead MoreThe Evolution of the Exclusionary Rule1733 Words   |  7 Pages The Evolution of the Exclusionary Rule A Historical Analysis And How It Stand Today April Herald Criminal Justice Abstract From historical analysis, this work highlights key cases that have influenced the evolution of the Exclusionary rule and where it stands today. The purpose of this paper is to inform people of the importance of our constitutional rights, especially the fourth amendment when concerning a criminal prosecution. The exclusionary rule is set in place to ensure justiceRead MorePacker s Model Of The Criminal Process3125 Words   |  13 Pagesenforcement agencies possess should be limited to prevent official oppression of the individual. The constitutional rights of the defendant being tried aren t just measly technicalities and the criminal justice authorities should be held accountable to rules, procedures, and guidelines to ensure equality and regularity in the justice process. The criminal justice process should act as its own checks and balances system, which would consist of a series of impediments that act as procedural safeguards whichRead MoreMinimum Tolerance Policies : Zero Tol erance, Zero Education1879 Words   |  8 Pagesbecause the quote says that there is a direct correlation of students suspended are often funneled into the criminal system. Some pros of zero tolerance policies are that suspending and expelling bad children is that because bad children break rules it doesn’t matter what rule was broken or why just that there â€Å"should [be] some type of consequence† (Morin, The Pros and Cons of Zero Tolerance Policies). Which that would be relevant and would work if the things students did were extremely bad like bringingRead MoreSearch and Seizure Essay2432 Words   |  10 Pagesa crime has been or is being committed with probable cause a warrantless search may be conducted. Another important part to the fourth amendment is the exclusionary rule. This rule makes it clear that any evidence seized during an illegal search or violation of the fourth amendment not admissible during a criminal trial. The main goal of this rule was to deter police officers from violating suspects constitutional rights. The forth amendment grew from the experience of the colonials dealingRead MoreUse and Application of the Zero Tolerance Policy in American Schools1773 Words   |  8 Pagesto mandate the application of pre-determined consequences of violation of stated rules. These rules may pertain to a number of issues; drugs, bullying, theft, and corporal punishment. This report will review and explore the various uses of the zero tolerance plan and its applications throughout schools in American society. There will be a study on the effectiveness of zero tolerance, an outline of the pros and cons of its usage, an evaluation of a case scenario as it pertains to the utilizationRead MoreDiversity Management1945 Words   |  8 Pagesothers to bring up those subjects, even in the form of complaints. The more open and authentic the dialogues that take place, the easier it becomes to promote change. Search for behaviors of exclusion. Whether exhibited by yourself or others, many exclusionary behaviors are unintentional—or even wellintentioned, such as assuming a working mother would refuse a weekend travel assignment. Constantly seek out and eliminate such behaviors. Create an environment of advantages. Small, unintentional inequalitiesRead MoreDiversity Management1955 Words   |  8 Pagesothers to bring up those subjects, even in the form of complaints. The more open and authentic the dialogues that take place, the easier it becomes to promote change. Search for behaviors of exclusion. Whether exhibited by yourself or others, many exclusionary behaviors are unintentional—or even wellintentioned, such as assuming a working mother would refuse a weekend travel assignment. Constantly seek out and eliminate such behaviors. Create an environment of advantages. Small, unintentional inequalitiesRead MoreStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 Pagesthe Declaration of Independence and the Constitution? John Locke The writings of John Locke, a British philosopher of the Enlightenment period, had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers. What was the colonists’ primary complaint about the rule of the British Crown? The American colonists’ primary complaint was that they were subject to heavy taxes from the British Crown. Which of the following was a component of the Coercive Acts? Establishment of martial law, the requirement for the

El Greco Essay Research Paper free essay sample

El Greco Essay, Research Paper El Greco was born 1541 and died 1614 in Toledo at age 73. He wasnamed at birth Domeniko # 8217 ; s TheotoKopoulos. He was Born in Candia, the capitalof the island of Crete, off the seashore of Greece. Nothing is certain is known of the first 20 five old ages of El Greco # 8217 ; s life, except that he lived on Crete and became a painter. It is thought from laterevents in his life that El Greco recieved a sound instruction in letters. He camefrom a household of center or upper categories, which could afford to direct their childrento school. He studied under a maestro named Titian and Tentonetto. He was non selftaught. June 6, 1566 is the first record of El Greco # 8217 ; s being as a painter. Onthis twenty-four hours Maistro Menegos Theotokopoulos signed a sale in a lottery ( sale ) for oneof his images. After this point the following record of El Greco was August 18, 1568 inVenice. We will write a custom essay sample on El Greco Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He had gone to venice to develop his endowment as a painter and learn aboutItalian art. He subsequently left Italy or Spain to gain a better sale on pictures. El Greco had a Venetian learner ship and trained him good in diviningthe personalities of his theoretical accounts and had given him a serious attack to hissubjects. He was non the lunatic nor the inordinate original that people havethought him to be. He was an enthusiastic colorist. He was fond of unusualtones. He sacrificed everything in his hunt for effects. Despite his errors, ElGreco canonly be considered as a great painter. He ha d an unusual style as thework of a genius. After his arrival in Toledo (July 1577) he formed a relationship with awoman named Jeronima de las Cueuns. He lived with her there after and nevermarried. They had a son named Jorge manuel in 1578. Jorge was trained as apainter and architect and became his father’s partner beginning around 1500. Little is known about El Greco. He made a good income as a painter butwas a poor manage of his finances. He was often in debt. He lived in a largepalace in Toledo owned by the Marquios of Villena. He did not associate with other artists, but with scholars, poets and priests.He worked on treatises concerning the arts of painting. El Greco was known for his quick wit and intelligence, his pride andarrogance. This even led to arguments with customers about the price of hisworks. He created wonderful masterpieces of painting in a style that deserves tobe called original and unconventional. Some thought his paintings were a non realstic stlye and distorted and thatthe figures in them were gaunt and haggard. Some felt he painted modern art, tothe spaniards he was a cultural hero and painted their own national religionsspirit. He will always be known as an old master who spoke in modern work. Hisworks distorted the tones of painting, the human body, and landscape to make allsee what point he was making about a person or a scene he was painting. El Greco is one of the greatest portraitists in the history of painting.

Queensland Parliamentary Library

Question: Discuss about the Queensland Parliamentary Library. Answer: Introduction: Independent contractor is appointed to provide goods and services, and no one give him instructions regarding his services while on the other hand employee receive instructions from his employer about his work. Independent contractor use his own methods and procedure for providing goods and services, but in case of employee methods and procedures are stated by the organization for which he work. Independent contractor does not receive any training from any institution but employee is trained by any particular institution for specific work (Goldsberry, n.d.). In Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd (2001) 207 CLR 21, High Court held that on the basis of following grounds it was able to conclude that Bicycle courier is an employee: There is no skilled labor provided tobicycle couriers, and they are not able to make any independent career, or to generate any goodwill. Bicycle couriers work is controlled by the Vabu, and they have very control on their procedure of work (Athanasiou, 2011). The main difference between the permanent worker and casual worker is whether worker has been working for the period of more than 12 months or whether worker is working for irregular working hours and less than 12 months. Second difference is contract between casual worker and employer is non-permanent contract (Legal Vision, 2014). Distinction between casual worker and permanent worker is important because it decide the pay scale, working hours, and leave policy, other policies of the organization and employment status of the employee (Fair Work Ombudsman, n.d.). Permanent employee has following rights in an organization: Permanent employee has right to get same pay as other permanent staff. Right to get same or equal benefit packages. Information related to permanent vacancies in an organization. Protection against dismissal. Third party employees are those people who are appointed by organization, agencies, and individual for part time or full time employment but for other person or organization (USF, n.d.). Following are the duties of employees towards employers: Do not breach any term of employment stated in employment contract. Serve faithfully to the employer (Business Dictionary, n.d.). Usually, employees undertake industrial action when dispute between employer and employee is not resolved with negotiation. There are three type of industrial action strike, lock out, and action sort of strike (Nidirect, n.d.). Union plays an important role in workplace by resolving the disputes at workplace, and they area also the voice of employees and they act as bargaining representatives in bargaining negotiations (Fair Work Ombudsman, n.d.) Duties of employer: Provide safe and healthy working environment in an organization. Pay fair salaries to the employees. Does not discriminate between employees. Provide basic facilities at workplace (OHS, n.d.). Mary works in restaurant, but she does not work permanently in restaurant. She works once or twice in a week when someone calls her. She does not join permanently because her children are not well. The lady who owns the restaurant call Mary when business is busy. Casual employees are those employees who does not work for guaranteed hours, work sometime for irregular hours, does not get any type of paid leave or sick leave, and they can end the employment without providing any notice. There is no universal definition for casual employees (Fair Work Ombudsman, n.d.). Casual employees work for irregular hours, and there is no guarantee that they are always available for employer. They are not entitled for benefits which are available to permanent employees, but some benefits are also available to them also. Paid holidays or sick leaves are not available for casual workers but they are entitled for the parental leave. Casual workers get higher pay from permanent workers, and they also get protection for being sacked unfairly under Fair work laws. Casual workers are entitled to: Get higher pay for per hour as compared to full time or part time workers, and this is called casual loading because casual workers are not entitled for the benefit of sick or annual leave. Unpaid community service leaves. They get carers leave which is unpaid for 2 days and 2 days compassionate leave per occasion. Section 106 of Fair Work Act 2009 states that casual employee is not entitled to get base pay rate on compassionate leave. Section further stated that for casual employee compassionate leave is unpaid leave. Casual Employment and the Industrial Relations Act Amendment Bill 2001of Queensland states the following changes: Protection provided to casual employees from dismissal on the basis of discriminatory grounds or fulfilling family responsibility. Now casual employees have access to unpaid parental leave or carers leave after one year of their services (Queensland Parliament, n.d.). Casual employee is completely different from full time or part time employee on the following basis: Under Fair Work Act part time employer and full time employer gets protection from unfair dismissal, and they are to able challenge such dismissal but casual workers are not able to challenge unfair dismissal. Usually, casual workers have no right to challenge the decision of dismissal even if they believe that dismissal is harsh, rude and unfair. Casual workers has right to challenge the unfair dismissal if they are covered under employment agreement or any modern award. Casual employees who has been employed by the organization on regular and continuous basis has right to bring claim against the unfair dismissal. It must be noted that if casual employee wants to claim against unfair dismissal then casual employee must be employed for the period of 6 months and that organization must have more than 15 employees or in case of small business at least for the period of 12 months. We can understand this with the help of case law that is Williams v MacMahon Mining Services Pty Ltd [2010] FCA 1321. In this case, court held that any type of work choice did not contain definition of casual but this word is attracted by the common law or irregular engagement of employee at workplace. This case law focus on the meaning of regular and systematic employment requirements under the fair work act, and it also sates the further factors to determine regular and systematic work. Court also stated that if working hours of an employee are small and the working days are irregular then court required further proof to decide whether person is casual employee or regular employee. Therefore, if employee has proof of more working hours and regular employment in the organization then he can be considered as regular employee, and if employee has proof that his casual work hours are more than full time work hours because of work load then he can used it as proof that there is regular and systematic work. So we can conclude that casual employees have right to challenge the unfair dismissal of employee (Find law, n.d.). In the present case, Mary works for small working hours and her working days are not regular which shows that there is no regular and systematic working. Therefore, Mary is an casual employee of the restaurant. Whether Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is liable for the overpayment made by Tom, and also explains the position of Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd in this case? Many companies hire people through third party and it becomes trend now. Companies hire from third parties and saving their time and money that spend in recruiting process. Companies which act as a third party charge extra amount from the employer for the continues flow of workers. Third party hiring is a good and successful concept and there is no harm in it because employees get project in different company when first company project is over. Third parties employers are those agencies, organizations or individuals which recruit candidates for temporary or permanent employment opportunities but not for their own need. Third party employer includes those agencies which recruit people either for profit or for not for profit, and it also includes those agencies also which provide information of people to employers for the purpose of recruitment (APESMA, n.d.). In number of cases agencies, organizations providing staffing services, outsourcing contractors and other leasing firms will be treated as employers. However, these organizations recruit people for the other organizations then third-party professional conduct principles shall apply on these organizations. Vicarious liability: such organizations which provide such facility are the ultimate employer of the employee. Therefore, organizations are liable for the acts of their employees. Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd recruit experienced people for working in their office and also work in any other office at shorter notice. Employees who work in Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd can do anything in the office such as general and pay roll duties, working on reception and administration work. For providing these services Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd charges as per hour rate from the organizations that avail these services. When they go in other organization then they have to follow the instructions of those organizations in which they are recruiting. Every worker who goes out to other businesses has to dress professionally, be respectful and act properly. Any problems or issues have to be reported back to Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd. Tom who is working with Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd goes in another business organization. Tom is an expert in calculating an employees pay. He goes for a period of two days and he is told that he has to work under the direction of the company Accountant. Later Tom over pay to some employees and employees withdraw their money after it has been paid into the bank. One of the employees who have been overpaid disappears. In the present case, Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is the actual employer off the Tom and they are liable for the act of Ton because any organizations which provide such facility are the ultimate employer of the employee. Therefore, organizations are liable for the acts of their employees. It was also held that agencies, organizations providing staffing services, outsourcing contractors and other leasing firms will be treated as employers. However, these organizations recruit people for the other organizations then third-party professional conduct principles shall apply on these organizations. Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is vicarious liability for the act of Tom because they are ultimate employer of the Tom but In this Tom has to follow the instructions of the company in which he get appointment which means that Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is not liable for the acts of Tom. Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is the ultimate employer of the Tom but he is not liable for the act of Tom. References: Goldsberry, C. R. Differences between Employees and Independent Contractor. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.mdc.edu/hr/Operations/AFS/DifferencesBWIndepContAndEmployees.pdf. Athanasiou, A. (2011). Contractor or Employee? - The High Court Decision in Hollis v Vabu. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from:https://www.tved.net.au/index.cfm?SimpleDisplay=PaperDisplay.cfmPaperDisplay=https://www.tved.net.au/PublicPapers/October_2001,_Accountants_Education_Channel___Tax,_Contractor_or_Employee____The_High_Court_Decision_in_Hollis_v_Vabu.html. Apesma. Contracting through an agency. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.professionalsaustralia.org.au/contractors-consultants/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2015/01/Guide-to-Contracting-through-an-Agency-v2.pdf. Legal vision, (2014). What is a casual employee. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from:https://legalvision.com.au/casual-employee/. Fair Work Ombudsman. Casual, part-time full-time. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from:https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/types-of-employees/casual-part-time-and-full-time. Business Dictionary. duties of employees. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/duties-of-employees.html. OHS. Duties of Employers. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.ohsrep.org.au/law-rights/ohs-legislation/the-ohs-act/duties-of-employers. Nidirect. industrial action. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/industrial-action. Fair Work Ombudsman. The role of unions. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/industrial-action-and-union-membership/the-role-of-unions. USF. Third Party Employers Policy. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.usf.edu/career-services/employers/third-party-employers-policy.aspx. Fair Work Act 2009 - Sec 106 Queensland Parliament. Queensland Parliamentary Library. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/explore/ResearchPublications/ResearchBriefs/2001/2001032.pdf. Fair Work Ombudsman. Casual employees. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/types-of-employees/casual-part-time-and-full-time/casual-employees. Williams v MacMahon Mining Services Pty Ltd [2010] FCA 1321. Find Law. Casual Employees and Unfair Dismissal Laws. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4317/casual-employees-and-unfair-dismissal-laws.aspx.

3 More Cases of Dangling Modifiers

3 More Cases of Dangling Modifiers 3 More Cases of Dangling Modifiers 3 More Cases of Dangling Modifiers By Mark Nichol In each of the sentences below, the subject of the main clause is not logically associated with the subordinate clause, so the former must be recast to begin with the noun or pronoun in the sentence that the latter applies to, or the sentence must be revised so that a subject that pertains to the additional information provided at the head of the sentence replaces the inapt noun or pronoun. Discussion following each example explains the unsuitably of the existing subject, and revisions demonstrate how the sentences can be repaired. 1. Broken by unresolved trauma, the apocalypse is slowly wearing her down. The person referred to, not the apocalypse, is broken by unresolved trauma, so she must be the subject of the main clause: â€Å"Broken by unresolved trauma, she is slowly being worn down by the apocalypse.† 2. As a valued customer of World Wide Wickets, we would like to extend an invitation to you to view some exclusive deals on our products. Because we is the first word that follows the subordinate clause, the erroneous implication is that the entity self-described as â€Å"we† is a valued customer of the company, so the sentence must be recast to place the entity â€Å"you† in that role; the â€Å"we† can safely be omitted: â€Å"As a valued customer of World Wide Wickets, you are cordially invited to view some exclusive deals on our products.† 3. Appearing on the cover of Time magazine in 1994, tales of his exploits on the job turned him into a local legend. This sentence implies that tales of a person’s exploits appeared on the cover of the magazine, but it was he himself who appeared on the cover, and the role of the tales in turning him into a local legend is a separate matter: â€Å"He appeared on the cover of Time magazine in 1994, and tales of his exploits on the job turned him into a local legend.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†The Parts of a Word7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

The Education System Essay Example

The Education System Essay Example The Education System Essay The Education System Essay Essay Topic: Education This point has caused one of the main criticisms of looking at cultural deprivation as the reason for working class underachievement. Critics have argued that working class parents seem less interested and less encouraging because of their situation and circumstances. They want to show their children what life is like realistically for the working class, that high occupational status is a dream. Another criticism of cultural deprivation has been by those who feel that material factors are more important. These critics are structuralists, and think that it is important to focus on what parents can provide materialistically that would encourage their children to do better at school, for example a quiet room for homework and appropriate books. If there is not enough money for books, the student has to get a part-time job which is likely to result in less time spent on schoolwork, thus not doing well in exams. There are other critics of cultural deprivation who feel it is important to look at factors of the school which affect the performance of different social class students. For example, there are subcultures (anti-social, anti-school) which working class students are more likely to be drawn into, and so their educational performance is obviously affected. The next explanation was a criticism of the last one material deprivation, or material factors. These theorists believe the students homes background influences and affects them the most. This is very much a structuralist view. The argument is that working class parents cannot afford the materials necessary for their children to do well. The children are likely to share bedrooms with other siblings and dont have a quiet place for study, and my have to get a part-time job if their parents are not financially secure. Working class parents are also less likely to be able to attend parents meetings because they have a clash of time with work. Working class students are less likely to continue to higher education because their parents simply cannot afford tuition fees and the extra necessities of university. All these negative aspects of material deprivation are why many sociologists argue that material factors are why working class students are relative failures in the education system. However, as with inheritance and heredity, and cultural deprivation, material factors have also been criticised. Those who do not believe in material deprivation focus more on in school factors and how these affect performance. They argue it is more important to look at how the school can provide materialistically, but overriding this, culturally. For example, they look at the dominant culture and value system of teachers. In school, teachers have authority and students of working class, in particular, feel intimidated and do not want to do well. This often results in a case of teacher versus student values debate. Where the teacher may encourage the benefits of education, the student may feel that the teachers authority and nagging is discouraging. There are many other in school factors that sociologists have put forward, which became the next explanation interpretivist arguments. The interpretivist explanation for working class underachievement focuses on in school factors. They believe there are many things that happen inside school which prevent working class students performing as well as middle class students. One of these factors is subcultures, both anti-school and anti-social. Working class students find themselves easily drawn into these subcultures, often with excuses such as the teachers picking on me so Im not going to his/her lesson. Peer pressure is also a major issue in anti-school subcultures. When one student decides that school isnt for them and does not attend, they need somebody or several fellow students to truant with. Students who may have previously conformed do not want to be left out and join the anti-school feeling. Two important in school factors of the interpretivist argument are teacher labelling and streaming. Labelling is where a teacher prejudges a working class student, labelling them as useless, thus giving middle class students more attention and support. This drives working class students away in anti-school subcultures and holds them back from educational success. Streaming is where students are split and taught in groups of their perceived ability. David Hargreaves, an interactionist, claimed streaming created an increased amount of feeling inferior as lower stream boys progress to more mature ages. This affects how they feel towards education and more than often results in poor exam performance. As older students feel inferior and join anti-school subcultures, younger students find themselves without role models and in turn feel anti-school. Both labelling and streaming involve teachers stereotyping students of all social classes, which can lead to discrimination, e. g. sexism and racism. Again, interpretivists have also found themselves being criticised for their views. The critics are structuralists who feel it is more important to look at out of school factors and the students home background, in other words material and mainly cultural factors at home. Focuses are on things such as the values of and attitudes to education at home, and religious and cultural values. Critics argue that parents of working class students have very different values and attitudes to education than middle class parents. For example, working class parents may find it important to emphasise survival as key in their childrens futures, whereas middle class parents could believe in encouraging their children to aim as high as possible and achieve all they possibly can. Religious and cultural values are also important in the structuralist view. Where features of religion may interfere with how students are taught, their parents may choose to pull them out of the education system. A current example of this is the banning of the Muslim scarf in French schools. It is a vital aspect of Islam for females to wear a scarf, so where I has been banned, huge protests have been held and many Muslim parents have taken their children somewhere Islam can be practised and the children can be educated. Critics of interpretivists also think peer pressure in the area where the student lives is important. If there is an anti-school subculture in the area, the student is extremely likely to be a part of it as it its where they spend most of their time. As time has passed, each of the explanations offered for working class underachievement have become more developed, and have also faced more criticism. The first sociologists to look into this issue believe intelligence is inherited and measurable, and middle class parents are generally more intelligent. They also believe in IQ tests and think they are an excellent way of measuring intelligence. However, there are opponents to this suggestion who believe IQ tests are unfair and cannot be used to test member of different social classes and people of subcultures within social classes and ethnic groups. There are many weaknesses and not many strengths to the argument of inheritance and heredity. Though the sociologists argue that intelligence is inherited from parents, there has not been a study to prove that this is so, i. e. no evidence has been provided to back up this idea. They do, on the other hand, not deny that there are less intelligent middle class students and more intelligent working class children. I agree with the critics who claim that IQ tests are unfair because when an IQ test is created, it will in some way be biased to a certain group (usually the middle class). There would be questions on the test that working class children would not be familiar with, thus failing to perform well and being labelled unintelligent. This is an extremely unfair way to explain why working class students are relative failures in the education system. Cultural deprivation was offered by those sociologists who felt working class children were brought up in a culture where people around them placed a lower value on education and where their parents were much less interested in their schooling than middle class parents. I agree with the critics who say that it is unfair to say working class parents are uninterested in their childrens education because it is their circumstances that put them in that position. A weakness of this argument is that although a researcher may have looked into a working class family and found that their argument was proven correct, not all working class families are this way and many do encourage academic success. As a reason for working class underachievement, cultural factors are important to look at but do not apply to all working class families. The sociologists who argue that material deprivation at home is the cause for working class underachievement have a strong argument. They claim that working class parents are unable to afford the materialistic requirements of school and that this forces their children to fall behind and perform badly. Though this is a very valid argument, it is important to look at other factors as well as materialistic factors at home. For example, material and cultural factors at school are equally important, and should all be taken into consideration. The interpretivist argument focused on in school factors and how these affected the performance of students. The sociologists looked at things such as anti-school subcultures and teacher labelling and streaming. Like the sociologists who agree with material factors, interpretivists fail to look at other factors. They see in school factors as the sole reason for working class underachievement, which is not correct. Though it is also a valid argument like material deprivation, it should not be forgotten that the home background of a student is equally important to look at as well as the state of the school. I think that inheritance and heredity do not cause working class underachievement, but that a combination of cultural and material factors both at home and at school cause working class students to be relative failures in the education system. Where each individual theory counts out the others as valid reasons, I think this is wrong and that all count equally towards working class underachievement.

Marketing plan stage2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing plan stage2 - Assignment Example The company should introduce new products in the market and modify existing less popular items according to taste and preference patterns of contemporary consumers. The success of the current marketing plan should be reviewed and determined with the help of several assessment means such as, market share analysis, target customers sales, budgeting and customers’ feedback (Stryker, 1998). The research paper elaborates on an appropriate marketing plan for Pepsi Company. The company operates in a highly competitive industry. With the help of a marketing plan, the company can improve brand position within the industry. However, marketing strategies of the company cannot be formulated without a precise analysis about financial status of PepsiCo (Kotler, 2008). The following financial analysis is based on data collected from financial review of the company in stage one marketing plan. From the trend line above, it can be claimed that scale of business operations of PepsiCo had significantly fallen after the financial crisis (Kotler, 2008). Even so, company’s business has achieved high growth rates 2011 onwards. PepsiCo operates within the beverage industry. Over time, the global beverage industry has adapted to several changes, due to shifts in taste and preference patterns of consumers. The extent of market rivalry experienced by firms within this industry is high, where the biggest rival of PepsiCo is Coca-Cola. Both these firms adopt competitive pricing strategies in business. The products of these firms are sold at reasonable prices so as to capture a wide range of potential customers from different income strata. Hence, it can be claimed that firms within the beverage industry faces monopolistic competitive pressure as they sell qualitatively differentiated products (Kotler, 2008). As in a typical monopolistic industry, each firm functions as a profit

Law Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Law Case Analysis - Essay Example The House of Commons can implement the judgement at its level. Considering the case of Spiliada Maritime V. Cansulex, the house of commons did not fully give a satisfaction to the defendant thus the defendant went ahead and made an appeal given by Lord Goff where He made a ruling that, there was enough natural form including applicable law relating to the matter, availability of witnesses, presence of the residence of the two parties and that the plaintiff had a possibility of obtaining foreign jurisdiction. Thus, there was making of a judgement by the Supreme Court. In this case, there is a judgement considering that there is no other jurisdiction that suits the requirements of the parties. The procedure the court follows includes; granting the basic principle when there is enough satisfaction by the court that there is another forum that can settle the dispute forum of the parties thus applying more suitably to the satisfaction of the parties. The court then determines the legal bu rden of proof which shows enough evidence. The Supreme Court then determines who lies with the burden depending on the existence of a natural or a forum which is appropriate. After this, the court finds the factors that show there is the existence of another forum which entails the presence of enough witnesses as well as the law that will be under administration in settling the dispute. At this moment, the court will get to a conclusion as to whether another forum is available. If there is another forum, the court then grants a stay considering the circumstances surrounding the dispute as seen in the ruling of Lord Goff1. Factors that the court takes into consideration and illustrative cases In relation to the forum non conveniens, its appropriateness is brought to question and also the applicability of the principle of forum non conveniens. This relates to cost, the outcome as well as the delays in the implementation of the principle. The principle finds its application in internat ional law especially in the private section. Its long process of implementation makes the principle to be in use in the domestic system, which involves cases where the judicial structure does not have a structure that has unification and where the judicial system is federal. The uncertainty of the outcome is due to the expansions in the level of jurisdiction in the legislation where plaintiffs can file a suit at their residential places. According to the code of civil procedure, there should be the filling of suits in the residential place of the defendant rather than that of the plaintiff. There are many details in this system due to the fact that the defendant will not accept the filling of the suit to take place at the residence of the plaintiff; this is because it may be taken as a weapon of harassment forcing the defendant to go to the residence of the plaintiff which may be far. Further, many past judgements have taken effect thus the court may have a challenge in deciding whi ch is the best channel to solve the dispute amicably thus leading to delays. There are enormous costs from the implementation of this principle where, the defendant and the plaintiff may face off due to the fact that they have the right for the cases to be heard at the place due to the cost as well as moving there witnesses to the residence

Dynamics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dynamics - Assignment Example Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the mass. If the shaft rotating at 200RPM, determine the force excreted on the shaft. Ashaft rotating at 500RPM carries masses of A = 3kg, B = 4kg and C = 2kg at distances of 0.9m, 0.7m, and 1.7m from the shaft respectively. The angles of A, B, and C respect to horizontal are 40o, 130o, and 290o respectively. In an Epicyclic gearbox, the Annulus gear â€Å"A† is fixed and the input shaft is connected to the Sun gear â€Å"S† which rotates at 1800RPM. The Sun gear has 60 teeth and there are three planet gears â€Å"P†. The gear ratio between the Sun gear and Planet gear is 2:1.The input power is 45kW and the efficiency is 85%. Sketch a simple arrangement and calculate: Pass: All questions in section A (including all parts) must be attempted and answered. The assessment criteria and the learning outcomes for Pass grade must be met and fundamental understanding must be demonstrated on this assignment. Merit: All questions in section A (including all parts) and question B7 in section B must be answered with reasonable accuracy and with no major errors. A neat presentation and good communication of assignment is essential. The assessment criteria for Pass and Merit grade must be met and knowledge and understanding must be demonstrated on this assignment. Distinction: All questionsin section A and section B (B7 & B8) must be answered fully correct with no errors. All the criteria for Pass, Merit and Distinction must be met. A neat presentation of assignment including any references/ bibliography is essential. All the answers in section B must be synthesised and clearly justified. All the SI units must be clearlyshown in front of calculations, showing full understanding on this

Presentation on the Expansion of the Universe

Presentation on the Expansion of the Universe Good morning/afternoon, today I will be talking to you about the expanding universe. The topics that I will be covering today would be: thesis statement, Background to the Universe Expansion, what causes it to expand? what evidence are there to support it, did it start from the Big Bang? And what happens to the galaxies as it expands? These topics will be supported through the key idea; how gravity is related to the expansion of the universe? I would like to begin with my thesis statement, the universe is expanding and as the universe expands the galaxies are all moving away from each other in all directions and the once that are the farthest are moving the fastest. Does this mean that no matter what galaxy we are in, everything is expanding?, is our galaxy the milky way also expanding? Does this mean that the entire solar system is expanding? What about the things on earth? And also does the amount of matter present also increase through the expansion? The answer to all these questi on relates back to the year of 1929 when an astronomer at named Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding through the biggest telescope that was available in his time. He pointed the telescope at distant galaxies and for the first time we could see those distant galaxies and he noticed something very funny about the light from them. The light from those galaxies were red shifted which means those galaxies were moving away from us. Redshift – Hubble constant Now like sound, light travel out from its source as a wave, different colours have different wavelengths, blue light have a relatively short wavelength whereas red light have a relatively longer wavelength. Consider an object that moves away from you, as it continues to move then the wavelength of its light get stretched and moves towards the red end of the spectrum and so we call this a red shift. Every galaxy that Hubble looked at was rushing away from our galaxy Milky Way. He realised that the further away the galaxy was, the bigger the redshift of the light and that meant those galaxies were moving away from us at faster and faster speeds. It’s not that the galaxies are moving apart but it’s the fact that the entire universe is expanding, the whole of space is getting bigger. This discovery led us to an astonishing conclusion that all the matter that we see today must at one time have been in a very dense and hot region of space and that is the phase we call the Big Bang. The fate of the universe It is taken around 13 billion years for our visible universe to get to where it is today, but what does the future hold and tell us about ten years ago, cosmologist have three theories for what would happen to our universe: one the open universe – if there wasn’t enough gravity, then the universe would keep slowly expanding for ever and become infinite. Two the closed universe – that the amount of gravity in the universe would slow its expansion down until it collapses back in on itself, And three the flat universe – that there would be just a perfect amount of gravity so that the universe grows to a particular size and then stops. But then astronomers discovered something completely unexpected. The expansion of the universe is accelerating and they realised that there must be something pushing on it and we don’t know what it is, but we know it is there. In early times of 1900s, astronomers presumed that the universe was slowing down and that the gravity would hold everything down and maybe will come back and explode again and people expressed this idea with a mathematical expression that the universe is flat meaning that the universe will continue to expand slowly without ever stopping. But relatively now in this 21st century, astronomers were trying to find out that at which rate is the universe slowing down using extraordinary technologies like telescopes all around the world and observing the dark night sky and the supernovas referring to the standard brightness that relates to the distances. But what they actually discovered was that the universe is not slowing down. But it is accelerating; the universe is accelerating at its expansion and do you know why? No one knows why, no one knows why but what you hear these days is the expression dark matter or dark energy and these are mathematical concepts which explain the gravitationa l attractions of galaxies, clusters of stars and their expansion. Doesn’t it seem logical that something is out there that is causing the universe to expand, it can be considered here also on Earth but it’s the fact the we don’t know how to detect it. The Hubble diagram Now days we have the distance that Hubble measured using the sapphires and the velocity he measured using the red shift and the blue shift of the spectra. So we are scientists we like to make charts and graphs so let’s graph these two things, the galaxy velocity versus the galaxy distance and this is the chart that Hubble made. Each of the point on this graph is a unique galaxy and what you can see here is that many, in fact most of the galaxies are redshifted. Moreover, galaxies that are further away are higher redshifted than galaxies that are close. Now yes there are couple blueshifted galaxies on this plot if you look closely, and that’s alright because these are galaxies that are actually very close to us such as the Andromeda galaxy and it turns out that we are gravitationally attracted to one another, we are pulling each other in and we will in couple billion years slam into the Andromeda galaxy and will make one big new galaxy. Now we can ignore those local effe cts but the general overwhelming effect is that galaxies that recede faster from us, the more distant they are and this is the Hubble law. And this of course, is another c change in our understanding of the universe because what it suggests or supports is that instead of living in just a universe with the galaxies that are sort of hanging out and not doing much, we are actually living inside an expanding universe. The grid expanding universe representation This grid represents space and each little square is a bit of space and these little dots are the galaxies that recede in space and now galaxies are free to move through space, they do that too like I said that we are going to hit Andromeda and that’s because both galaxies are moving through space at one another. But the other thing that happens is that the galaxies move away from one another because space itself is expanding between them.so here is space at some beginning time and here is space at a later time when the space itself has expanded. You can see that the galaxies haven’t moved relative to the grid of space but they’ve moved from one another because the space itself has gotten much larger and no matter where you are, no matter which galaxy that you are in, if you look at all the other galaxies they all appear to be moving away from you with a velocity that is proportional to their distance, so things that are moving away faster are more distant from u s. The balloon example You can also think of the example of a balloon being blown up, just imagine the surface of the balloon and there are little dots that are little galaxies all over the surface of the balloon and as you blow it up the surface itself increases and so all the little dots representing galaxies move away from all the other little dots on the surface and are accelerating in their expansion and this is the universe that we live in now. This agency that is causing this accelerating expansion is called the dark energy, so it appears that although we answered all of the big questions, we are still left with many more. We don’t know what the dark matter is but we know that it is there. What happened in the early stages of our universe? We don’t know the answer to that either. We haven’t got any clue to as what our universe is going to be doing billions of years of now, we just don’t know because we don’t understand it but with the astonishing technologies that are available to us today and through the discovery of Edwin Hubble, we know one thing for sure, the universe is expanding.

RIP Bradley Nowell :: essays research papers

-T hose of you who were fortunate enough to meet Bradley Nowell, saw a man who liked to smile and sing. He did these two things with the greatest of ease. The man we knew liked to pick up a guitar, not needles, but on the 25th of May in 1996, many of us were shocked by the news of his tragic death. Just seven days earlier, he married the beautiful Troy Dendekker. Things were lookin absolutely bright for him. It was rumored that he even woke up extra early on the morning of his death to walk his dog on the beach because he felt just great to be living. Hours later after he woke up, he was found dead from a heroin overdose in his San Francisco motel room. W hat went wrong I thought to myself? I remember hearing the news of his death on a local radio station. I've been a Sublime fan since my senior year of high school. The single "Date Rape" made the Chicago airwaves and I was hooked. I did a little research and I discovered that Bradley had been in and out of rehabilitation centers since 1992. Many people that I've talked to about Bradley's death really didn't seem to care. Being a huge Sublime fan, I was angered by their ignorance. Most of the time I heard people say that it was Bradley's fault for taking the drug in the first place, but I came to realize that it really wasn't his fault. Troy Nowell says in the VH1 documentary on Bradley that obviously the drug was "bigger than both of us (Bradley and Troy)". She said he hated what he was doing, and tried to stop numerous times, but the world is ignorant to the fact that this drug, heroin, is extremely physically addictive. Bud Gaugh, the drummer of Sublime, said he used to hug, sweat, and cry with Bradley during his fight with heroin. If it were his choice, Bradley would've stopped using it, but heroin took a hold of his nerves and his entire body. W e need to remember the Bradley who gave us three absolutely spectacular albums and a voice that stopped the world, not the one who stuck needles in his arm. There is not a day that goes by that I don't think about him a good twelve hours during the day.

Chinese political culture Essay

The book CHINESE POLITICAL CULTURE relates to political culture in significantly different ways from the approaches used in other books with similar content. This book touches on many aspects of Chinese political culture; as a result, reading the book gives one a better comprehension of China’s complexity. This collection of essays manages to achieve this aim without losing its unity. The first section of the book explores the modern transformation of Chinese traditional culture and its effect on contemporary political culture. It speaks to the complexity of the issue that the three essays do not agree on whether neo-Confucianism always provides the foundation on which contemporary Chinese political culture can rest. Kam Louie examines the role of Confucianism’s dichotomy between wen [man of letter] and wu [warrior] to emphasize continuities in the patriarchal nature of Chinese society. Roger Ames, from a different perspective, examines the continued relevance of Confucianism among intellectuals in his presentation of the creative use of Kant by noted scholars Mou Zongsan and Li Zehou in their effort to reassert the relevance of the Confucian heritage. Godwin Chu, however, shows that although there are striking continuities between the ways in which the concept of zhong [loyalty] was used in traditional China and during the Maoist period, the individual assertiveness he observes today marks a major break with the past. The second section of the book proceeds to socialization and observes official ideologies. The chapter on nationalism, by Edward Friedman, reminds us that despite the use of a sometimes strident nationalist rhetoric by its leaders, the existence of a Chinese â€Å"nation† protected by the Party-state remains a long way off, as evidenced by the inability of the government to establish institutions such as the welfare state. The chapter by Zhu Jianhua and Ke Huixin, which addresses the construction of Hong Kong in the minds of Chinese in Gungzhou and Shenzhen, suggests that despite greater exposure to a diversity of opinions, people living next door to Hong Kong still hold distorted views about that territory. Misra Kalpana’s chapter on the transition from neo-Maoism to neo-conservatism offers to explain this paradox. She argues that the state has successfully shed its orthodox Leninist ideology in favor of neo-conservative nationalism thanks to the recuperation of the neo-conservative discourses emerging in diverse milieus of society. Peter Moody addresses cynicism and indifference to politics in China in his chapter on anti-political tendencies. Moody also warns that the anti-political trends may end up tacitly endorsing the unjust, corrupt political system they claim to reject. The third section enriches these nuances with an additional layer of complexity, by looking into the different variants of Chinese political cultures found among different social strata and regions. Cheng Li looks at the emergence of pluralism among entrepreneurs; Alan Liu at provincial identities; Shih Chih-yu at elections in minority areas of the PRC and Taiwan; Tang Wenfang at religion in China and Taiwan; and ChuYun-han and Chang Yu-tzung at regime legitimacy in China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, through the use of sophisticated survey techniques. This third part of the book may present less coherence, but the case studies succeed in illustrating the diversity of Chinese political culture. My only remark is about Liu’s assertion that Chinese on the mainland, as well as mainlanders living in Taiwan, are displaying lower levels of religiosity, and that higher degrees of modernization reduce religiosity. Not only does this conclusion contrast with most studies on religion in Taiwan, but the data contradicts this statement: Taiwan displays a higher degree of religiosity than China despite its greater degree of modernization. It is also necessary to note that the past two decades has been a period of remarkable growth in China, characterized by economic expansion and the opening of its society to the outside world. What has followed is a better life for many of its citizens. As a result, China supporters from outside its borders have become confident that economic and social progress will eventually lead to a more open political system and consequently more favourable investment conditions. Reference CHINESE POLITICAL CULTURE: 1989-2000. Edited by Shiping Hua, foreword by Andrew J. Nathan. Armonk (New York), London (England): M. E. Sharpe. 2001. xv, 370 pp.

The eNotes Blog Gabriel Garcí­a Márquez Dead at87

Gabriel Garcà ­Ã‚ ­a Mrquez Dead at87 Celebrated Colombian  author Gabriel Garcà ­Ã‚ ­a Mrquez  died today at the age of 87 after a recent hospitalization for multiple infections. His death comes two years  after it was reported he was suffering from dementia. â€Å"It is not true that people stop pursuing dreams because they grow old, they grow old because they stop pursuing dreams.† ―  Gabriel Garcà ­Ã‚ ­a Mrquez In his extroadinary lifetime Mrquez received widespread acclaim for his novels and short stories, including  One Hundred Years of Solitude,  Love in the Time of Cholera and  Chronicle of a Death Foretold.  One Hundred Years in particular became incredibly popular, selling more than 50 million copies worldwide in over 25 languages. With his works Mrquez  stood as an ambassador for Latin American literature, and the father of magical realism. When he won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982, he dedicated his lecture to the spirit of Latin America, and revealed to the world its inextricable ties to his particular writing style: We have had to ask but little of imagination, for our crucial problem has been a lack of conventional means to render our lives believable. Mrquez is survived by his wife Mercedes and his two sons. He died at home in Mexico City. His memoirs remain unfinished. Gabriel Garcà ­Ã‚ ­a Mrquez Biography at Works of  Gabriel Garcà ­Ã‚ ­a Mrquez: Love in the Time of Cholera One Hundred Years of Solitude The Autumn of the Patriarch A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings The General in His Labyrinth and more found here.

Donne and John Donnes poetry Essay Example

Donne and John Donnes poetry Essay Example Donne and John Donnes poetry Paper Donne and John Donnes poetry Paper Essay Topic: Donne Poems Religious or not, everyone at some point in time has wondered to themselves, what happens after we die? What can we do in our current life, to be safe from any dangers after we die? John Donne’s poetry has covered and pored over the themes of humanity, salvation and redemption, and it is made obvious that Margaret Edson’s W;t is nothing without the poems. But what is important to note is how different these two texts explore these main ideas, through the different characters and contexts. Throughout the centuries, the contexts of authors have changed, along with their beliefs on the topics of salvation, redemption and humanity. Since views have changed from religious to more secular opinions on life, the ideas of salvation and redemption may vary as to how each will be obtained, but humanity has stayed much the same. Both Donne and Vivian go through the process of self-reflection and evaluation, forgetting the present misfortunes and attempt to find some form of humanity which wasn’t present in the past. In this lecture, these are the points I will be covering, to show the themes and values that John Donne and Margaret Edson’s play W;t share. Redemption is the act of deliverance from sin and in Christian belief, it was Jesus who God sent as a messenger, and sacrificed himself in order to redeem the human race. But this doesn’t necessarily mean that we are saved. In order to have salvation, one must have faith in God to be saved in their immortal life. Donne achieves salvation through acceptance of Jesus, which was the most common way of being saved in the 17th Century. In modern times, such as the context of W;t, salvation happens more on the level of accepting humanity, and this occurs to Vivian through her relationship with Susie. One thing to notice is that Vivian’s past life lacked the one thing most humans crave, human connection. As Vivian tells us that â€Å"I just couldn’t I went back the library†, we are made aware that she finds her intellect more important than her social life. Donne on the other hand, did have such human connections, and strong ones with his wife. Constantly reminding his wife that they are â€Å"As stiff twin compasses are two;† meaning their love is like the feet of a compass, Donne possesses a strong connection with his wife. An idea that both texts share which is the main focus of both individuals, is death. In Donne’s Holy Sonnet X, he names Death with a capital D, personifying it as his equal, and chastises its existence, making it seem powerless. By saying â€Å"Thou’art slave to fate, chance † he is implying that death is a natural and random occurrence, and doesn’t have any control over when a death happens. He also goes to depict how death is only a short sleep before we enter eternal life, saying â€Å"Death be not proud†. In W;t, Vivian is almost too shocked to process what is going on around her when the news comes out of her doctor’s mouth. This may be because contextual changes have made death have a less immediate presence since there were more public executions and placing multiple bodies in the same grave, so for Donne, death wasn’t as much of a big deal. But for an individual in a post-modern society, the thoughts of death come as a shock, and this is what causes Vivian to reflect back on her life. â€Å"I thought being extremely smart would take care of it. † She finally realises that life isn’t all about being immensely intellectual, but to live a good life, which Donne acknowledges is the key in order to enter the kingdom of heaven; therefore there is some reflection on life, in the same manner as Edson. Although John Donne and Vivian both seek salvation, it is important to note that they have different views on how they want to go about in order to attain salvation. John Donne asks God to drown â€Å"my sins’ black memory. † In his tears, which shows that along with the norm of the 17th Century’s society, he believed that the only way to receive salvation was to accept that he has sinned and has faith in God. In Holy Sonnet VI, he says that â€Å"This is my pilgrimage’s last mile;† and this tells readers that he sees being a Catholic as the only way to save himself, by going on a pilgrimage.

Anatomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Anatomy - Essay Example The bone matrix is roughly composed of 65% mineralized matter, the rest being collagen and matrix. Inorganic Components in Bone matrix: They are mineral salts, mainly calcium phosphate, and some calcium carbonate. The mineral gives bone its toughness and rigidity that allows it to resist compression. Mineral salts make 65% of the bone mass and roughly 2/3rd of the matrix. Organic Components in Bone matrix: It is mainly composed of collagen It is believed, as much as 25-30% of the total organic material in a bone is collagen.. It reinforces the mineral salts and provides bone ability to be flexible and to resist breaking. In a way it acts like cords in a car tyre sidewall. The issue is to investigate the effect of vinegar and heat on the structure and properties of chicken bone. As a measure of safety, since chicken bones could be contaminated with salmonella hands were thoroughly washed before and after handling the bones and gloves were worn.

Korean history (Old Joseon to the Joseon dynasty) Essay

Korean history (Old Joseon to the Joseon dynasty) - Essay Example The religious factor played a fundamental role in the unification and the cohesion of the Korean society during the Old Joseon to the Joseon Dynasty. The adoption and subsequent internalization of the Confucian religious and social doctrines served as a major milestone in the unification of the Korean society during the Joseon reign. This is because, the Confucian religious doctrine was redefined after it was adapted in Korea, to entail five very basic principles that henceforth served to ensure that the Korean society remained in cohesion, regardless of the age or the social class that individuals belonged (Kim & Park, 23). To achieve the stabilization of the Korean society back then, the Confucian ideals were pitched on the principle relationships of husband and wife as the basic relationship within a family that sought to keep the family unit bonded together, such that external influences and invasion or any other form of external infiltration could not enter and divide the society. Secondly, the Confucian religious doctrine established the principle relationship as that of the young to old, where the young people were supposed to respect the elders and tore the line of the cultural and social principles that were represented by the elders in the Korean society (Kim & Park, 36). This way, it became possible to establish a respectable society that ensured that the even where any form of dissent would emerge between the young generation and the older generation in terms of the administration of the society, there were already predetermined avenues that prevented such dissent from simmering into rebellious levels that could destabilize the society (Kim & Park, 29). This way, the Confucian religious doctrine ensured that the society remained united, and the dissents that emerged were handled through the rightful channels. Additionally, the Confucian religious

Cell phone Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cell phone - Assignment Example In this light, deciding not to buy the cell phones for children has its advantages and disadvantages. Also, deciding to buy cellphones for the students has disadvantages and advantages that ought to be considered. Those against the idea of cells for students argue that they are disruptive and affect their concentration. On my part, I support the idea of equipping the students with the cell phones. There are several reasons for this stand that cannot be overlooked. For instance, the cell phones provide an easy channel of communication between parents and their children. In this light, the gadgets help ensure that parents can check on their children when they are not around. Secondly, I believe that the use of cellphones among the children from an early age helps open up their minds and increases the chance of innovation and the invention of technological gadgets. Moreover, the cell phones provide a source of leisure for the students and are crucial for their growth and development. However, this point may be invalidated on the basis that cell phones cause disruption among the pupils. Another point in support of cellphones for school-going children is that they help the students to research and learn new things through the Internet. The case study explains the effects that the cell phones have on students in Uganda who area allowed to use the cells not only at home but also in school. In the research conducted by Richard and his subordinates, the school allows students to carry their phones to school. According to the study, the availability of cellphones is a source of security for the students, which in turn helps boost their classroom confidence (Twebaze and Richard 23). Moreover, the students involved in the case study argued that keeping close contact with their parents at home helped give them the motivation to work hard. Richard adds that â€Å"cell phones not only allow the students to talk to their parents but also gives them a chance to expand

Interagency disaster management Essay Example for Free

Interagency disaster management Essay Introduction: A disaster can be defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing widespread human, material, or environmental losses which exceed the ability of affected society to copy using only its own resources. Disasters are often classified according to their speed of onset (sudden or slow), or according to their cause (natural or man-made). Recent disasters like Hurricane Katrina have exposed the vulnerability of the nation in times of disaster and this has lead to discussions on disaster management. Natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, ice storms, severe weather, and wildfires can strike any time. They can build over days or weeks, or strike suddenly without warning. Throughout history, people in various parts of the world have suffered due to the unpredictability of natural disasters. Some disasters can be predicted such as floods in valleys, droughts in areas of low rainfall and oil spills in shipping lanes. There can also be manmade unpredictable disasters such as bioterrorism that involves the use of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. Disaster Management: Disasters are inevitable but the destructive impact of disasters can be substantially reduced by adequate preparation, early warning, and swift, decisive responses. Disaster Management encompasses all aspects of planning for and responding to disasters. It applies to management of both risks and consequences of disasters. However, disasters need to be declared to secure the release of government resources for intervention. Government through its various agencies plays a huge role in such prevention and mitigation. This is done through legislation, through resource allocation and through rational planning and sustainable development. State and local governments are closest to those affected by natural disasters, and have always been the lead in response and recovery. The federal government acts in a supporting role, providing assistance, logistical support, and certain supplies. Local government is responsible for providing for the safety and security of citizens in advance of a hurricane. That means they are in charge of developing emergency plans, determining evacuation routes, providing public transportation for those who can’t self-evacuate, and setting up and stocking local shelters with relief supplies. State government is responsible for mobilizing the National Guard, pre-positioning certain assets and supplies, and setting up the state’s emergency management functions. They are also in charge of requesting federal support though the formal disaster declaration process. Federal government is responsible for meeting those requests from the state – before, during and after the disaster. This includes providing logistical support for search and rescue, providing food, water and ice, establishing disaster centers and processing federal disaster claims, and participating in short and long-term public works projects, such as debris removal and infrastructure rebuilding. National Response Plan: The National Response Plan, published on May 25, 2006, by the DHS, provides an all-hazards approach to enhance the ability of the nation to manage domestic disasters. The plan includes best practices and procedures from incident management disciplines—homeland security, emergency management, law enforcement, firefighting, public works, public health, responder and recovery worker health and safety, emergency medical services, and the private sector and integrates them into a unified structure. It forms the basis of how the federal government coordinates with state, local, and tribal governments and the private sector during incidents. The National Response Plan aims to save lives and protect the health and safety of the public, responders, and recovery workers and thereby ensure security of the homeland. The National Response Plan establishes a comprehensive all-hazards approach to enhance the ability of the United States to manage domestic incidents. It forms the basis of how federal departments and agencies will work together and how the federal government will coordinate with state, local, and tribal governments and the private sector during incidents. It establishes protocols to help protect the nation from terrorist attacks and other natural and manmade hazards; save lives; protect public health, safety, property, and the environment; and reduces adverse psychological consequences and disruptions to civilian life. The Plan identifies police, fire, public health and medical, emergency management, and other personnel as responsible for incident management at the local level. The Plan enables incident response to be handled at the lowest possible organizational and jurisdictional level. The Plan ensures the seamless integration of the federal government when an incident exceeds local or state capabilities. There are some new Coordinating Features in the National Response Plan such as: †¢ Homeland Security Operations Center (HSOC): The HSOC serves as the primary national level multi-agency hub for domestic situational awareness and operational coordination. The HSOC also includes DHS components, such as the National Infrastructure Coordinating Center (NICC), which has primary responsibility for coordinating communications with the Nation’s critical infrastructure during an incident. †¢ National Response Coordination Center (NRCC): The NRCC, a functional component of the HSOC, is a multi-agency center that provides overall federal response coordination. †¢ Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC): At the regional level, the RRCC coordinates regional response efforts and implements local federal program support until a Joint Field Office is established. †¢ Interagency Incident Management Group (IIMG): A tailored group of senior federal interagency experts who provide strategic advice to the Secretary of Homeland Security during an actual or potential Incident of National Significance. †¢ Joint Field Office (JFO): A temporary federal facility established locally to provide a central point to coordinate resources in support of state, local, and tribal authorities. †¢ Principal Federal Official (PFO): A PFO may be designated by the Secretary of Homeland Security during a potential or actual Incident of National Significance. While individual federal officials retain their authorities pertaining to specific aspects of incident management, the PFO works in conjunction with these officials to coordinate overall federal incident management efforts. The Department of Homeland Security/Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR)/Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), in close coordination with the DHS Office of the Secretary, will maintain the National Response Plan. The Plan will be updated to incorporate new Presidential directives, legislative changes, and procedural changes based on lessons learned from exercises and actual events. The Department of Homeland Security: In the event of a terrorist attack, natural disaster or other large-scale emergency, the Department of Homeland Security will assume primary responsibility on March 1st for ensuring that emergency response professionals are prepared for any situation. The department is responsible for providing a coordinated, comprehensive federal response to any large-scale crisis and mounting a swift and effective recovery effort. According to the Homeland Security Act of 2002 the mission of the Department of Homeland security is to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States; reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism; and minimize the damage, and assist in the recovery, from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States. Biohazards: Biohazards are biological agents or substances that present or may present a hazard to the health or well-being of the worker or the community. Biological agents and substances include infectious and parasitic agents, noninfectious microorganisms, such as some fungi, yeast, algae, plants and plant products, and animals and animal products that cause occupational disease. Generally, biohazards are either infectious microorganisms, toxic biological substances, biological allergens or any combination of the above. Today, biohazards ar also used as weapons of mass destruction in the hands of terrorists – the use of anthrax virus to spread disease, death, fear and panic among the public is a case in point. As such, biohazards not only come under the purview of the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) but also under Department of Homeland Security.

Emily Dickinson Essay -- essays research papers

An Analytical Essay on Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson was a woman who lived in times that are more traditional; her life experiences influence and help us to understand the dramatic and poetic lines in her writing. Although Dickinson’s poetry can often be defined as sad and moody, we can find the use of humor and irony in many of her poems. By looking at the humor and sarcasm found in three of Dickinson’s poems, "Success Is Counted Sweetest", "I am Nobody", and "Some keep the Sabbath Going to Church", one can examine each poem show how Dickinson used humor and irony for the dual purposes of comic relief and to stress an idea or conclusion about her life and the environment in the each poem. Emily Dickinson was born in Amherst Massachusetts; a small farming town that had a college and a hat factory. There, she was raised in a strict Calvinist household while receiving most of her education at a boarding school that followed the American Puritanical tradition. She seldom left her hometown; virtually, her only contact with her friends came to be made through letters. As a young woman, Dickinson rejected comforting traditions, resisted male authority, and wrestled alone with her complex and often contrary emotions. Although she was claimed to be a high-spirited and active young woman, Dickinson began to withdraw from society in the 1850's. The many losses she experienced throughout her life, the death of her father, mother, close neighbors, and fr...

Internal combustion engine Essay

There is a big debate about the future of the auto industry. The new big topic is electric cars. Ads emphasize how much less pollution these cars put out, but the truth is that many people do not realize the downside of these cars. For instance, did you know that average battery cost for electric cars is between $18,000 and $20,000? Also, these cars produce significant more amounts of sulfur dioxide compared to traditional internal combustion engines, and what about the factories that burn billions of tons of coal everyday to produce electricity to charge these cars? Yes, these cars do produce little carbon dioxide directly, but the main source of pollution comes indirectly from the power plants that power these cars. Electric cars are not the best environmental solution in the long run because they still cause pollution while charging and producing them, there is no safe place to dispose of the batteries, and they are extremely expensive (Hogan). The first major issue with electric cars is that the process of manufacturing and charging these cars produces billions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions. The EPA’s research shows that for an average size car, electricity’s emissions are about three times higher than the emissions of gasoline (Inside Climate Staff). Electric cars do not produce much pollution directly. Instead the pollution is rather created at the source of the energy, power plants. Pollution is caused when manufacturing and producing these cars too. In addition, large amounts of pollution are produced while mining for the metals found in the new types of batteries. All of the mining machines and vehicles are powered from fossil fuels such as coal, gasoline, and diesel fuels. A great amount of energy is lost in the process of transmitting the electricity from the power source to your car. Also, electric cars emit significantly higher amounts of sulfur dioxide into the air compared to internal-combustion engines. Sulfur dioxide is the main component that causes acid rain. Acid rain can cause damage to lakes, streams, forests, car paints, copper, stone, and other building materials. Acid rain soaks into the soil and roots of plants, and causes slowed growth, and loss of leaves or needles. In the Great Smoky Mountains, acid rain has actually killed one-hundred or more of the Frazier Fir and Red Spruce trees (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency). Furthermore, in the Northeastern United States. , such as in the Kesterson Reservoir in the San Joaquin Valley, acid rain caused hundreds of fish populations to vanish from lakes (Davis). Acid rain can contaminate our own drinking water without us even knowing it; it tastes, and looks like regular water! When sulfur dioxide is inhaled, it can cause damage to your heart and lungs, causing disorders such as bronchitis and asthma (National Parks Service). Additionally, battery disposal is a key issue. The average life of this new type of batteries is twenty-five to thirty thousand miles before they will have to be replaced. If electric cars are going to be a thing of the future, there will become an excess of batteries in landfills and other disposal sites. Presently, landfills are not designed to handle the millions of batteries that would need to be disposed of if millions of people were driving electric cars. If these batteries are not properly disposed of, toxic chemicals could leak into the environment. Also, recycling these lithium-ion batteries doesn’t appear to be in the future anywhere soon. The cost of collecting, organizing, and shipping these metals to a recycler far outweighs the value of the scrapped material, so for the time being, most of these metals will be thrown away in landfills and junkyards (Mitchell). Another obstacle with these materials being tossed in landfills is the possibility of corrosive chemicals leaking into streams, rivers, and lakes. The process of refining metals for these batteries also releases pollutants into the environment. Once the refiner gets what metal they need from the ore, they discard the other materials into the nearby ecosystems. When this happens, our drinking water could be contaminated, and it could also damage, or kill the wildlife in that area (Bacher). Lastly, these cars are extremely expensive. Because the batteries only last for about a hundred miles, this means you would have to charge them about three times for every full tank of gas that you would normally buy. Also, with this low charge capacity, it would be virtually impossible to take long trips. You would have to stop frequently to charge the battery, which takes about nine hours to completely charge. This would turn a normal two-hundred mile, four hour drive into at least a thirteen hour trip, assuming that you could find an open charging station! Another reason that these cars are so expensive is that you have to replace the battery in your car about every twenty-five to thirty thousand miles. This is a very costly expense, especially since each new battery is about eighteen to twenty thousand dollars! This is $80,000 for batteries alone if you drive 100,000 miles in your car! The price of charging an electric car is less than what a full tank of gas would cost you, but you end up paying for it in the long run when you have to replace the battery. Electric cars are expensive from the start. The average retail price of most electric cars is in the thirty to forty thousand dollar range. Most middle class individuals cannot afford to pay this price for this new technology, which is why this will not be the best economical solution in the long run. These cost projections assume that both the car and the battery work correctly for the duration of their lives, but what if the battery breaks, or stops working, forcing you to replace it? The technology is new and underdeveloped, which means that there might still be some problems or â€Å"bugs† that the designers haven’t had a chance to fix. That’s $20,000 right there that you would have to pay in addition to the purchase price. That’s close to half of what you originally paid for the car! Since these cars are less, there are fewer mechanics that are qualified to work or operate on them, so the price of operation will be very high. Electric cars were released around 2010, which means there hasn’t even been enough time for a mechanic to get a four-year degree in operating on electric cars (Hogan). The problem with automobile pollution definitely needs to be addressed and solved, but fully-electric cars are not the best solution. They are made out to be better than they actually are, and they definitely have major disadvantages. First of all, they will have to become a lot cheaper for people to be able to afford them. The general public cannot afford to pay $20,000 for a new battery every 30,000 miles. Designers also need to find a way to lengthen the range of these cars. With only a 100 mile range, it is just not practical for most people. In addition, these cars still produce pollution, just not directly. All of the pollution is created indirectly, at coal-burning electricity power plants. Another unaddressed issue is that these cars emit large amounts of sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere, which is what combines with water to become acid rain. Lastly, there is no good place to dispose of batteries. If millions of people are going to be driving these cars, there will be tons of toxic batteries in landfills and disposal sites, which can cause harm to the wildlife, and the surrounding environment. If you accidentally miscalculate the charge left in your car, you will be stuck. Unlike a gas-powered vehicle, you cannot simply fill up your car with a gas can. With electric cars, there is no way to replenish the energy in your car on the side of the road. The fully-electric car was a good idea, but in the long run, it is not the best answer. The automobile companies need to continue to improve internal combustion engines to decrease their carbon dioxide emissions. Works Cited Cultrona, R. L. Pros and Cons of Electric Cars. 1999-2012. 18 March 2012. . Davis, Jay. Marine Bio. 1998-2012. 18 March 2012. . Hogan, Micheal C. The Encyclopedia of Earth. 21 February 2012. 18 March 2012. . Mitchell, Robert L. Computer World. 22 August 2006. 18 March 2012. . National Parks Service. 28 October 2010. 18 March 2012 . Staff, Solve Climate. Inside Climate News. 1 April 2010. 18 March 2012. . U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 8 June 2007. 18 March 2012. .

Family Curfews: Can Not Keep Teens Out of Trouble

Looking for freedom is human nature. Everyone wants to have his or her own space and time to manage. When you were a teenager, you sought for independence and tried to decide by yourself, but when you become a parent, can you still remember to let your children be free and have faith in them? Most parents will forget the feeling they experienced when they were teenagers and forgot to make the things right when they become moms or dads. They set a lot of rules at home for their kids and sometimes even strict family curfews. But do they work? Can they really keep teens out of trouble, or do they make it worse? Parents like to give curfews for their children like â€Å"you have to get home at XX time† and â€Å"you can not go anywhere without my permission,† etc. If they are grounded, they may resist it and get into trouble sometimes. In Irvine's (2009) article, she cites Sanchez's words that giving family curfews is like â€Å"putting a Band-Aid on the problem† (para. 25). You can not solve the problem your children have or prevent the trouble that may happen to them by setting curfews because curfews may cause computer game and pornography addictions, and family conflicts which is not good for building up the teens personality or keeping them healthy. Family curfews may lead to computer game addictions. If parents give their children curfews that they have to stay at home since a certain time, and because parents respect their privacy, teens may shut themselves in their rooms and do something that parents do not expect. In addition, teens all have their own computers nowadays, so it's easy for them to have computer game addictions. They will play online computer games just because they can not go out and play, and they do not have other things to do at home. That is a kind of trouble that could be brought on by curfews, and a lot of parents barely notice that their kids are having some serious problems. Computer game addiction is a terrible behavior because it is something unreal. Teens who like to play those games are always easy to be attracted by the fantasy world that built up in those games and they are more likely to ignore their studies, family and friends. Sometimes because they don't have a sense of achievement in their real life, they will lose themselves in the fictitious world where they can get a illusory sense of accomplishment. It's dangerous for teens to escape to the online world to compensate their frustration in reality and behave violently to which they learn from violent video games, and curfews give some teens excuses for staying at home and doing these â€Å"geek† things. There was a news report from Nan Fang Daily, and Li (2003) said that a 15 year-old boy, whose parents gave him a curfew, was led to a serious addiction of computer games. When the parents finally found out, they tried many ways to solve this problem, but the boy was so into it and could not help playing PC games. Eventually he ran away from home and never went back because he could not endure the double pressure from computer game addiction and from parents. That's clearly shows that curfews can not keep teens out of trouble, they can even bring them some severe problem, and computer game addiction is one of them. Just like computer game addiction, pornography addiction can be another bad behavior caused by family curfews. When teens are forced by parents to stay at home, they will find an outlet to vent their discontent, and they may indulge in pornography on the internet. Nowadays, it's easy for people to bump into some pornographic web sites unintentionally when they surf on the internet. Since teenagers are people that are always curious about everything, especially sex, it's more possible for them to take a look when they encounter those sites. Moreover, there are so many pornographic web sites on the internet, and people can easily open them, watch them, or even download them. For teens, these kinds of websites provide the exact knowledge that they yearn for. According to Family Safe Media (2001), the 12 to 17 year-old group is the main viewer who search porn online. So when they are ordered to be at home and are â€Å"working† with their computers, they may look at those sites and then are addicted to them. It's easy for them to want to experience the sensation of sex because their hormones rise which makes them be impulsive and passionate for sex, and it's possible for them to learn something wrong. There was a real story Mueller (2005) told about some 10 year-old boys who were from Christian families in which the parents were very strict and made a lot of rules. They were found having oral sex with one of their male classmates, which really shocked the parents. They learned to do it because one of them found a porn site on the internet and were quickly addicted to it. Then he searched for some more extreme sites and told his friends to watch and try to do what they saw on the show. This gives us an idea that if teens are restrained too much at home and spend a lot of time with themselves which is like giving them curfews, they may have computer addiction in pornography which is possible to put themselves in grave danger. Family curfews, moreover, can result in family conflicts. As we all know, teenagers easily become angry, insecure, confused, sensitive and impulsive. They tend to be more independent and have intense needs to be accepted by others. If there are strict parents in the families who give their children curfews all the time, their children will not listen but fight against them like Marmer said in Irvine's (2009) article, â€Å"If you keep telling kids ‘no' all the time and don't give them a ‘yes' part, they're going to rebel† (para. 8). There are a lot of families in which parents set many rules for the children that cause family conflicts. Teenagers who are experiencing adolescence possibly will have the reverse psychology towards parents. When parents gives curfews, some teens may argue for their rights of being independent and make deals with their parents in which case their reaction can be accepted, but others may challenge the parental authority. They probably become resentful and aggressive which may lead to quarreling or fighting with their parents, and they will be hostile and frustrated that could bring about cold war with their parents and result in running away from home or even committing suicide and some crimes eventually. Furthermore, because some teens are required to stay at home, they can not keep in touch with their friends or team members. They may become introverted, isolated, and negative when they interact with people, and they may become less active in both sports and social activities, which may have bad influences on their physical and psychological health. According to Fox News (2009), a 11 year-old New Mexico boy murdered his father with his father's rifle because his father was always very strict to him by giving severe curfews and sometimes punishments. That made the boy be angry and aggressive, feel depressed and neglected and want to rebel all the time which result in this astonishing consequence. This shows that curfews can cause family conflicts or even juvenile crimes by affecting teens' behavior and twisting teens' personality which will bring serious family or social issues. To conclude, we should not enforce family curfews on teens because they can not keep teens out of trouble, and they may bring more troubles instead. First, they may cause computer game addiction. If you keep your children at home, and then mind your own business and leave them with their computers in their rooms, they may become quickly addicted to computer ames rather than have social activities because they are stuck at home. Computer game addiction which can be caused by curfews is harmful for teens' growth. Second, family curfews can also lead to pornography addiction. When teens are forced to stay at home with their computer as company for them, they may easily indulge in pornography on the internet and this kind of curiosity may bring some dangerous problem which has a bad influence on the teens ' physical and psychological health. In addition, family curfews can result in serious family conflicts because teens are more likely to rebel when the parents set a lot of strict rules or prevent them from their friends. This may lead to severe conflicts between teens and parents that can result in terrible personal and social issues such as suicide and violent crime. Setting family curfews is not the best way to prevent teens from having trouble. What we need to do is communicate more with them and give wise advice in the appropriate moment like Berger said in Springen's (2010) article, â€Å"The teenager should have his own good sense to guide him when it is time to come home† (para. 11). Reference Family Safe Media. (2011). How to fight pornography. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://familysafemedia. com/fight_the_porn_addiction. html Fox News. (2009, November 03). New Mexico boy charged with murder in father's death. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://www. foxnews. com/story/0,2933,571527,00. html? test=latestnews Irvine, M. 2009, February 11). America's curfew debate. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://www. cbsnews. com/stories/2004/02/03/national/main597788. shtml Li, S. (2003, September 05). Computer game addiction: Who is responsible?. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://gd. nfdaily. cn/content/2003-09/05/content_1520700. htm Mueller, W. (2005). Teens and pornography:always bad, getting worse. Retrieved (12/05/11) from h ttp://www. cpyu. org/Page. aspx? id=163417 Springen, K. (2010, September 17). Curfews: Yes or no?. Retrieved (12/05/11) from http://family. lifegoesstrong. com/curfews-yes-or-no